All the earlier type modern Audi keys have a Megamos type 13 transponder capsule inside them, it looks like a tiny glass pill with a miniature copper coil/circuit inside it. The transponder is powered up inductively by the reader coil when you turn the key.
The id 13 fixed or static transponder always emits the same relatively individual digital 'signal', which is in turn picked up through the reader coil around the ignition barrel.
A new transponder can be added with garage equipment, or vagcom if you have your SKC.
As they only have a 'static' code, they can be 'cloned', and the car see's all the copies as the same key/transponder.
Later keys have a 'rolling code' crypto type 48 transponder inside them, that changes code every time its used (more secure).
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